粉末注射成形喂料制作的工作 I -工具准备

寫在前面 / Wrote on before

经历了超过30年的发展，粉末注射成形已经成为家喻户晓的制造技术。本文将分为三个部分，将喂料的制备进行简单且有序的分解。希望从业人员和研究者能够参考并加以改进。由于目前计算机的算力和检验设备不足以将数量庞大的粉末进行有效分析。PIM技术最开端的喂料准备仍必须倚靠原生智能的能力和人工方式进行。/ After more than 30 years of development, powder injection molding (PIM) has become a household name in manufacturing technology. This article will be divided into three parts with a simple and orderly breakdown of the preparation of feeding. It is hoped that practitioners and researchers can refer to and improve it.

期待在AI技术快速的发展之下，能够有朝一日将PIM喂料流程改善得更为容易。在此之前，仍请读者认真阅读本系列文章。因为本文中的提醒都和亲自投入PIM工作的人有密切的关联。请重视并理解。 /We hope that with the rapid development of AI technology, it will one day be easier to improve the PIM feeding process. Until then, readers are still asked to read this series of articles carefully.

1. 理解粉末注射成形的工程序 / To understand a Powder Injection (PIM) process step.

虽然很多文章已经讲了很多有关PIM技术，但是Dr. Q还是要重复的提起。如图1所表示及其说明。这些步骤的执行是借助粉末科学、数学以及设备的物理参数控制。最重要的首先在于对材料的粉末与粘结剂所制作的喂料之调配工作。 / Although many articles have talked a lot about PIM technology, Dr. Q still has to be mentioned repeatedly. As shown in Figure 1 and its description. These steps are carried out with the help of powder science, mathematics, and the physical parameters of the equipment. The most important thing is the mixing works of the feedstock from material powders and binders.

Fig 1. 粉末注射成形的工程序 / PIM process steps

1-1名词的统一性 / The unity of nouns

PIM的名词因为国家、地区文化不同，说法也不一样。加上中英文的翻译后更有多种说说法描述同一个事件。表1显示了一些常用的PIM名词解释。/The term PIM is different because of different cultures of countries and regions. After the Chinese and English translations, there are many ways to describe the same event. Table 1 shows some commonly used PIM term interpretations.

Table 1. 一些常用的PIM名词解释 / Some commonly used PIM term interpretations.

1-2 提醒/Reminder

预先阅读粉末/粘结剂的安全规范/Read the safety standards for powder/binder in advance.
避免木片与瓦楞纸的包材进入/Avoid the entry of wooden chips and corrugated packaging materials.
严禁明火, 分解的甲醛是可燃气体/Open flames are strictly prohibited; the decomposed formaldehyde is a combustible gas.
照明和电线开关须避免闪火/Lighting and electrical switches must be protected from flashbacks.
地面保持干燥以免触电或滑倒/Keep the floor dry to prevent electric shock or slipping.
当喂料加热后处于高温状态，小心烫伤或融穿装盛的塑料容器/ When the feedstock is heated and at high temperatures, be careful not to burn or dissolve the plastic containers being used.
事先阅读材料的特性和相关消防规范。配料人员首先要了解可能发生燃烧的金属或合金，必须预防的装置和手段要先备齐才工作。例如灭火器、湿布等等。例如钛合金的混料要有保护气氛、灭火砂与降温用的盐，避免使用水灭燃烧的金属。也不建议使用干粉灭火粉。/ Read the characteristics of the materials and relevant fire safety codes in advance. Ingredient personnel must first understand the metals or alloys that may burn, and all necessary devices and measures must be prepared before starting work. For example, fire extinguishers, wet cloths, and so on. For example, titanium alloy mixtures should include protective atmosphere, extinguishing sand, and cooling salts, and avoid using water to extinguish combustible metals. It is also not recommended to use dry powder for extinguishing fires.
不可让人员单独作业以避免紧急事故，必须装置摄像头甚至和相关侦测生命表征的装置。/ Personnel must not work alone to avoid emergencies; cameras and related devices for detecting vital signs must be installed.

1-3 MIM工艺的攻关 / The process tackling of MIM technology

图2表示的是Dr. Q整理的PIM的12个工艺阶段。本文讨论的仅是在第2部分。/ Figure 2 represents Dr. Q finishes the 12 process stages of PIM. This article discusses only in Part 2.

Fig 2. PIM的12个工艺阶段/ The 12 process stages of PIM

本篇首先讨论喂料制备所需要的工具，让作业人员能将工作顺利并安全的进行。/This article begins with a discussion of the tools needed for feed preparation so that the operator can carry out the work smoothly and safely.

2.有关混炼作业使用的工具 /Tools for kneading process

2-1 作業人員

2-2 操作用工具/ Tools for operation

2-2混炼作业工具照片／Picture of tools for kneading process

3.混料车间的安全 /Safety of kneading and Mixing

分解的甲醛是可燃性气体，气味很难闻且刺眼又刺鼻。/The decomposed formaldehyde (from POM decomposition) is a flammable gas with a foul, glaring, and pungent odor
l通风开关/照明开关/电器接点都要注意到开启电弧以免引发危险，必须以防火库板隔离混练空间。/Ventilation switches, lighting switches, and electrical contacts must be carefully turned on to prevent hazards.
工作过程必须要开起通风和抽气的装置，同时建议车间有对外开启的窗户以利紧急时开启。Fireproof panels must be used to isolate the mixing space. During work, ventilation and exhaust devices must be turned on, and it is recommended that the workshop have windows that open externally for emergency access.
混料设备布置需要有充足空间以避免人员紧急撤离的阻挡或撞伤。/The layout of mixing equipment must provide sufficient space to avoid obstacles or collisions during emergency evacuation.
工作人员如不慎吸入甲醛，要有紧急冲淋与清洗鼻子的装置，建议设计冲淋与洗手台、下水道。/ If staff accidentally inhale formaldehyde, emergency flushing and nasal cleaning devices are required; it is recommended to design rinsing and washbasins and sewers.

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